RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The use of low doses of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was initially proposed in Asian countries in response to racial peculiarities related to the functionality of fibrinogen and coagulation factors that potentially increased the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage, and with a view to saving costs. In view of the controversy over the use of rt-PA below the standard dose, we conducted a literature review of studies promoting the use of low doses or comparing different doses of rt-PA. DEVELOPMENT: We reviewed 198 abstracts related to the search terms and the full texts of 52 studies published in the last 30 years. We finally included 13 randomised clinical trials aiming to determine the efficacy and safety of the use of rt-PA at different doses in acute stroke, 14 observational cohort studies, 5 meta-analyses, and 3 systematic reviews. CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to classify low doses of rt-PA as superior or at least not inferior to the standard treatment in the management of acute stroke in western populations. More clinical trials are required to determine whether the use of low doses is beneficial in patients with relative contraindications for thrombolytic therapy or other particular circumstances that may increase the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage.
Assuntos
Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual , Hemorragia Cerebral/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia Trombolítica , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Introducción: El uso de activador tisular del plasminógeno (rt-PA) a dosis bajas fue propuesto inicialmente en países asiáticos en atención a particularidades raciales relacionadas con la funcionalidad del fibrinógeno y factores de coagulación que contribuyen al riesgo de hemorragias intracerebrales, así como a la intención de ahorrar costos. Ante la controversia sobre el uso de rt-PA por debajo de la dosis estándar, realizamos una revisión de la literatura sobre los estudios que motivaron su uso y aquellos dirigidos a comparar diferentes dosis de rt-PA. Desarrollo: Se revisaron 198 resúmenes relacionados con los términos de búsqueda. Se revisaron 52 publicaciones de texto completo de los últimos 30 años. Se incluyeron 13 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados dirigidos a determinar la eficacia y seguridad del uso de rt-PA a diferentes dosis en el ictus agudo, 14 estudios de cohorte observacionales, 5 metaanálisis y 3 revisiones sistemáticas. Conclusiones: No se cuenta con evidencia suficiente para catalogar la dosis baja de alteplase como superior o al menos no inferior que el tratamiento estándar en el manejo del ictus agudo en población occidental. Se requieren más ensayos clínicos para determinar, si el uso de dosis bajas es beneficioso en pacientes con contraindicaciones relativas de terapia trombolítica u otras circunstancias particulares que eleven el riesgo de hemorragias intracerebrales. (AU)
Introduction: The use of low doses of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was initially proposed in Asian countries in response to racial peculiarities related to the functionality of fibrinogen and coagulation factors that potentially increased the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage, and with a view to saving costs. In view of the controversy over the use of rt-PA below the standard dose, we conducted a literature review of studies promoting the use of low doses or comparing different doses of rt-PA. Development: We reviewed 198 abstracts related to the search terms and the full texts of 52 studies published in the last 30 years. We finally included 13 randomised clinical trials aiming to determine the efficacy and safety of the use of rt-PA at different doses in acute stroke, 14 observational cohort studies, 5 meta-analyses, and 3 systematic reviews. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence to classify low doses of rt-PA as superior or at least not inferior to the standard treatment in the management of acute stroke in western populations. More clinical trials are required to determine whether the use of low doses is beneficial in patients with relative contraindications for thrombolytic therapy or other particular circumstances that may increase the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia Trombolítica , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia Cerebral/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , FibrinóliseRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The use of low doses of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was initially proposed in Asian countries in response to racial peculiarities related to the functionality of fibrinogen and coagulation factors that potentially increased the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage, and with a view to saving costs. In view of the controversy over the use of rt-PA below the standard dose, we conducted a literature review of studies promoting the use of low doses or comparing different doses of rt-PA. DEVELOPMENT: We reviewed 198 abstracts related to the search terms and the full texts of 52 studies published in the last 30 years. We finally included 13 randomised clinical trials aiming to determine the efficacy and safety of the use of rt-PA at different doses in acute stroke, 14 observational cohort studies, 5 meta-analyses, and 3 systematic reviews. CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to classify low doses of rt-PA as superior or at least not inferior to the standard treatment in the management of acute stroke in western populations. More clinical trials are required to determine whether the use of low doses is beneficial in patients with relative contraindications for thrombolytic therapy or other particular circumstances that may increase the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage.
